Treasury's War Read online

  Kazakhstan, 162, 400

  Kazan, Ali, 117

  Kean, Thomas, 273, 321

  Keller, Bill, 273, 276–278

  Kelly, James A., 228, 236

  Kentucky (US), 276

  Kenya, 363, 364

  Khalden terrorist training camp, 113

  Khalifa, Mohammed Jamal, 82

  Khalil, Ezedin Abdel Aziz, 82, 366

  Khalizaid, Zal, 100

  Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali, 293, 324, 341

  Khan, Abdul Qadeer (AQ), 62, 211–214

  and North Korea, 224

  Kim Jong Il (and regime of), 235, 254

  assets of, 219

  and Obama administration, 322

  survival of dynasty, 220–221

  See also North Korea, Pyongyang

  Kimmitt, Robert M., 312–313, 416

  King, Peter, 276

  Kish Island (Iran), 375

  Kismayo (Somalia), 363, 364

  kleptocracy, 197–200, 210, 415

  Kongra Gel. See Kurdish terrorism

  Korean Mining and Development Corporation (KOMID), 225

  Korean War, 220

  and “The Control,” 24

  Koryo Asia Ltd., 243

  Kozlov, Andrei, 162

  KPMG, 339

  Kredittrrust, 161

  Krekar, Mullah (aka Najmuddin Faraj Ahmad), 112–114

  Kris, David, 272

  Kroll, Steve, 204

  Kunlun Bank, 371

  Kupfer, Jeff, 135, 140

  Kurdish terrorism, 112

  and PKK, 369

  Kuwait, 164, 171, 344

  and terrorist financing, 82

  Kyrgyzstan, 162

  La Cosa Nostra (Mafia), 234–235

  La Familia, 376

  Lahoud, Emile, 190, 191

  Lancaster, John, 18

  Lashkar-e-Taiba (LT), 115, 364, 365, 367, 430

  Las Vegas (US), 226

  Latif, Mahmoud Abdel, 165

  Latvia, 158, 167

  League of Nations, 4

  Lebanese Canadian Bank (LCB), 119, 359–361

  and Section 311, 361

  Lebanon, 164

  as banking center, 408–409

  and cash couriers, 106

  and Hezbollah, 118–119, 289–290, 358–360

  and Iraq, 172, 189–193

  Shia in, 190

  Sunnis in, 190

  See also Hariri, Rafik

  Lehman Brothers, 389

  Levey, Stuart, 250

  and Iran, 268, 288, 291–292, 295–302, 304, 305, 307, 309, 314, 324, 328–331, 333, 335, 342

  and Libya, 343–348

  and North Korea, 255, 260, 268, 323

  and Obama administration, 319–320

  and SWIFT, 271–276, 278, 280

  and TFI, 208–210, 216

  and WMD, 214

  Levin, Carl, 418

  Liberia, 119–121

  Libya

  and assassination plot, 107

  assets of, 346–348

  and cash couriers, 106–108

  and Iraq, 196

  and Mission to the UN, 106

  nuclear program of, 62, 212, 213

  regime change in, 343–346

  sanctions against, 6, 107, 148, 313, 344–346

  Lichtblau, Eric, 270–275

  Lieberman, Joseph, 410

  Liechtenstein, 40, 89, 90, 188

  Lincoln, Abraham, 4

  Linden dollars

  and Linden Lab, 396

  and LindeX, 396

  Lindt, Anna, 38

  Lisbon Treaty, 280–281

  Lloyds of London, 305, 334–338

  Lloyds TSB Group, 309

  Lo, Clarie, 31

  Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS), 397

  Lockheed Martin, 406

  Logarcheo, 187

  London (UK), 81, 95

  and cash couriers, 104–105

  and Iran, 289, 303, 309, 313, 333

  Lormel, Dennis, 34

  Los Angeles Times, 273–275

  Los Zetas, 370, 378, 381

  Lukashenko, Alexander, 158

  LUKOIL, 337, 394

  Luxembourg, 89

  Macau (China)

  as gambling center, 225–226

  and North Korea, 219, 220, 221, 232, 235, 240–241, 244, 258, 264

  Macau Monetary Authority, 264

  Maersk, 334

  Mafia state, 397

  See also North Korea

  Mahan Air, 354

  Maher, Katherine, 409

  Majd, Hooman, 340

  Makhlouf, Rami, 353

  Malaysia, 63, 212, 303, 374, 400

  and Iran, 334

  Mali, 362

  Malmgren, Harald, 411

  Manama (Bahrain), 164

  Manila (Philippines), 140

  and North Korea, 222

  Manufacturers Hanover, 313

  MasterCard, 367, 430

  Mauritania, 82

  McAfee, 406–407

  McBrien, Bob, 24–25, 121

  McChrystal, Stanley A., 197

  McConnell, Mike, 379, 405

  McDonough, Denis, 346

  Megarian Decree, 3–4, 5, 12

  Meiners, Molly Millerwise, 207

  and North Korea, 250–251, 260–261, 262

  and SWIFT, 270–271, 274

  Mellat Bank SB CJSC, 303

  Melli Bank PLC, 304

  “Merchant of Death.” See Bout, Viktor

  Merrill Lynch, 390

  Mexico, 33, 369–370, 378, 423

  Meyer, Josh, 273, 275

  Meyers, Jody, 178

  MGM, 226

  Middle East Media Research Institute, 87

  Miers, Harriet, 271

  Milan 40, 127

  Miliband, David, 342

  Miller, Greg, 275

  Milosevic, Slobodan, 6

  Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL), 305

  Misrata (Libya), 344

  Mogadishu (Somalia), 364

  Moghadam, Ismail Ahmadi, 354

  Mogilevich, Semion, 380

  Mongolia, 300

  Montana Management, 187

  Morales, Oscar, 430

  Morgan Stanley, 390

  Morgener, Andreas, 121

  Morgenthau, Robert, 309–310

  Morocco, 164

  and Iraq, 196

  Moscow (Russia), 123, 161–162, 408

  Moumou, Mohammed, 112–114

  Mubarak, Hosni, 427

  Mueller, Bob, 50, 380

  and SWIFT, 58

  Muhammadi, Umid, 82

  Mukasey, Michael, 378–379

  Mullen, Mike, 413

  Müller, Andreas, 212

  Mumbai (India), 115

  terrorist attacks on, 115–117, 398, 430

  Munich Olympics (1972), 24

  Munich Re, 335

  Murden, Bill, 32–33, 74

  Musan Iron Mine, 374

  Muslim Brotherhood, 427

  Mutually Assured Support, 420

  Muwafaq Foundation, 81

  MV Limburg, 398

  Myanmar. See Burma

  Myanmar May Flower Bank, 155

  Nada, Yousef, 40

  Naftiran Intertrade Company Ltd., 308

  Naftiran Intertrade Company Sarl, 308

  Nahavandian, Mohammad, 342–343

  Naím, Moisés, 397

  Nasrallah, Sheikh Hassan, 117–118

  Nasreddin, Ahmed Idris, 40

  Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 5

  Natanz (Iran), 351

  National Bank of Belgium, 50

  National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), 339

  National Intelligence Estimate, 376

  National Intelligence Manager, 207

  National Iranian Oil Company, 308, 341

  National Money Laundering Strategy (2001), 19, 31

  National Public Radio, 340

  National Security Agency (NSA), 46, 275, 418

  National Security Council, 111, 142, 156, 178, 198, 216, 312, 405
, 416

  Deputies Committee of, 291

  and Iran, 291

  and Iraq, 189

  and North Korea, 227, 231, 241, 244

  policy coordination committees (PCC’s) of, 39

  National Security Division, 272

  National Strategy to Internationalize Efforts Against Kleptocracy, 198

  Nauru, 153

  naval blockades, 4

  Naval Weapons Systems Training Facility Boardman, 405

  Nazis

  counterfeiting by, 224

  Negroponte, John, 33

  Ness, Eliot, 34, 129

  Netanyahu, Benjamin, 338, 351

  New Delhi (India), 96–97, 138

  Newcomb, Rick, 134

  and CIA, 40

  and OFAC, 23–26

  Newcomb, William, 228–230

  New Jersey (US), 235–236

  New York (US), 65, 95, 123, 146, 276

  and Arab Bank, 148

  as financial center, 9, 12, 25, 26, 147, 150–151, 242

  and Hezbollah, 361

  and Iran, 309–310, 349

  and 9/11, 19, 28, 61

  and North Korea, 254–255

  New York Federal Reserve Bank. See Federal Reserve Bank of New York

  New York Times, The, 380

  and SWIFT, 269–276

  and Terrorist Surveillance Program, 269

  Nichols, Rob, 16, 207, 270

  Nigeria, 355, 363, 365

  9/11 attacks, 17–19

  as basis for financial warfare, 2–3, 7–9, 11, 21, 288

  economic effects of, 20

  and financial intelligence, 48

  and hijackers, 20, 67

  9/11 Commission, 63, 273, 321

  Noble, Ron, 31, 233–234

  See also Interpol

  Noor Islamic Bank, 371

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 23

  North Korea, 200, 284, 287, 289, 291, 298, 348, 350, 375, 389

  and banking, 219–220, 225–227

  and “Chosen Soren,” 221

  and counterfeiting, 1, 221–237, 258, 265, 267

  as criminal state, 219

  and Iran, 290, 375

  missiles of, 253

  and narcotics trade, 233

  natural resources of, 373–374

  nuclear program of, 62, 211, 212, 213–215, 221, 224, 253, 320

  and “Office 39,” 221, 232

  and organized crime, 119, 234-235

  and Pong Su, 233

  sanctions against, 12, 220, 320–321, 371–372

  and Section 311, 167, 227, 230–232, 235–237, 239–246, 252–268, 299–300

  and six-party talks, 229, 236, 243, 245, 249, 252, 255, 259, 261, 264, 322

  and special economic zones, 374

  and State Department, 227–229, 256–259, 265, 267, 323

  See also Banco Delta Asia, China and North Korea

  North Korea Illicit Activity Initiative, 230–231

  North Korean Foreign Trade Bank, 264

  North Korean Illicit Finance Action Group (NORKAG), 231

  Northern Alliance (Afghanistan), 120

  Norway, 112–114

  Obama, Barack (and administration of), 272

  cyber-security of, 419–420

  and Executive Order 13572, 353

  and Executive Order 13573, 353

  and Executive Order 13582, 353

  and Executive Order 13606, 353

  and Iran, 316, 319–321, 324–329, 354, 371

  and Libya, 347

  Nobel Peace Price of, 326

  and organized crime, 380–381

  and SWIFT, 287

  and Syria, 352–355

  transition into office of, 319–321

  O’Brien, Pat, 300

  Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), 148

  Office of the Deputy Attorney General, 208

  Office of Enforcement, 128, 250

  dissolution of, 132, 135–136

  Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), 18, 133, 142, 148, 343

  and Al Barakaat, 38

  and Al Qaeda, 26–27

  and Cuba, 24, 148

  and Executive Order 13224, 26–28

  expansion of, 202, 206

  and Iran, 24, 303, 333

  and Iraq, 174, 195–196

  and Latin America, 7

  and Libya, 345, 347

  and organized crime, 121

  power of, 24–27

  and Specially Designated Nationals (SDNs), 7, 25

  and US sanctions, 33

  and WMD, 214

  See also “The Control,” Iraq Threat Finance Cell

  Office of Intelligence and Analysis (OIA), 205–206

  Office of International Affairs, 32

  Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 139

  Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI), 320

  creation of, 207–210, 216

  Olsen, Eric T., 197

  Oman, 164

  O’Neill, Paul, 16, 31, 38, 78

  and 80/20 rule, 25–36, 37, 39, 108

  and financial intelligence, 49, 51

  and hawalas, 96–97

  and Saudi Arabia, 67, 73–75, 86

  and SWIFT, 58

  on Treasury role, 35, 45–46, 130, 133, 138–139

  and workplace safety, 134

  Operation Green Quest, 35, 106, 208–209

  Oregon (US), 72, 405

  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 392

  Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 403

  organized crime, 2, 210–211

  designation of, 115–117, 122–123

  as national security threat, 376–382, 398

  and North Korea, 234–235

  in Italy, 127

  undermining of, 29

  Ott, Charlie, 141

  Palestine, 86, 148

  Palestinian Authority, 87

  Palestinian Islamic Jihad, 303

  Pakistan, 389, 431

  Al Qaeda and Taliban in, 15, 20, 70, 82, 364–365

  bin Laden in, 42

  and hawalas, 94

  and Khan, AQ, 213

  mujahideen in, 85

  nuclear program of, 62

  and organized crime, 115–116, 119

  Panama, 187

  Paraguay, 117, 118

  Paris (France), 31, 215, 298

  Passos, Nikos, 96

  Paulson, Henry, 243, 249, 313, 379, 383, 428

  and Iran, 295–296, 300, 312

  and North Korea, 256, 260, 262

  PayPal, 430

  Pearl Harbor (US), 5

  Peloponnesian War, 3

  Pentagon, 18

  People’s Bank of China, 241–242, 261–262, 393

  Pericles, 3

  Persian International Bank PLC, 303

  Peru, 222

  Peshawar (Pakistan), 20, 82

  Petraeus, David, 197

  Philippines, 63, 140, 367

  PNC Bank, 150, 410

  Poland, 387

  politically exposed persons (PEPs), 199

  Poncy, Chip, 139–140, 167, 215, 348, 382

  and Iran, 310–311

  Pong Su, 233

  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command, 303

  Post Bank of Iran, 332

  Potomac River, 17–18

  Powell, Colin, 182, 250

  Presidential Personnel Office, 209

  Price, Dan, 379

  PricewaterhouseCoopers, 339

  “Prince of Marbella.” See al-Kassar, Manzar

  Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB), 283

  Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), 211

  Pyongyang (North Korea), 219, 220, 236, 239, 241, 243, 252, 288, 322–323

  and counterfeiting, 222–225, 229

  and Section 311, 252, 257–258, 263

  Putin, Vladimir (and administration of), 159–160, 162, 388

  and North Korea, 264

&nbs
p; Qaddafi, el-, Muammar (and regime of), 106–107, 313,

  overthrow of, 343–348, 354

  Qamsari, Mohsen, 341

  Qatar, 82, 164, 307, 374, 403, 427

  and cash couriers, 105

  and Syria, 354

  and US financial crisis (2008), 384

  Qatar Investment Authority, 390

  Qin Gang, 242

  Qom nuclear facility (Iran), 328, 338

  Radan, Ahmad-Reza, 354

  Rafah border crossing, 105

  Rafidain Bank, 172, 177

  Rafsanjani, Akbar Hashemi, 314

  Ralls Corporation, 405

  Rasheed Bank, 172, 177

  Ravich, Samantha, 111

  Reagan National Airport, 17

  Red Cross, 87

  Reding, Viviane, 281

  Reliance, 337

  Report of International Transportation of Currency or Monetary Instruments, 103

  reputational risk, 10–11, 89, 147, 241, 330, 429

  Reserve Bank of India, 339

  Reuters, 337

  Revival of the Islamic Heritage Society (RIHS), 82

  Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), 33, 122–123, 368–369, 430

  Revolutionary United Front (RUF), 121

  Rice, Condoleezza, 63, 189, 191, 379

  and Iran, 291, 295–296

  and North Korea, 227, 231, 236, 252, 256, 259–260, 263, 266

  and SWIFT, 58

  Rice, Susan, 330

  Rickards, James, 400–401

  Ridge, Tom, 129

  Riga (Latvia), 167

  Riggs Bank, 85, 263

  and fine, 148–150

  Risen, James, 271–272, 275

  Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), 67, 73, 87

  Al Qaeda attacks in, 76

  and cash couriers, 106

  Rome (Italy), 127, 131, 132

  Ross, Jeff, 140, 142–143, 157–158

  Rotterdam (Netherlands), 334

  Royal Australian Air Force, 233

  Royal Charm investigation, 235

  Royal Dutch Shell, 337, 393

  Rumsfeld, Donald, 232

  Russia, 44, 68, 119, 165, 223, 374, 403

  and anti-money-laundering, 159–163

  financial power of, 387–388, 400, 420

  and Iran, 297, 304, 309, 311, 348

  and Iraq, 186–187, 393–394

  and North Korea, 220, 264

  and organized crime, 122–123, 393, 430

  and SWIFT, 284

  and Syria, 355

  and US financial crisis (2008), 383–385

  Russian Air Force, 119

  Russian Military Institute of Foreign Languages, 119

  SAAR Foundation, 105

  Said, Sheikh. See al-Yazid, Mustafa

  Saif, Abdullah, 164

  Saloom, Joseph, 178

  San Air General Trading, 120

  Sanders, Traci, 141, 155

  Santa Cruz Imperial, 120

  Sarkozy, Nicolas, 308–309

  Saudi Arabia, 164, 4010, 426

  and Account 98, 86–89

  and Al Haramain Foundation, 72–73, 76–77

  Al Qaeda attacks in, 76, 398

  and the Hajj, 67, 71

  and Iraq, 196

  and Lebanon, 190

  and Mecca and Medina, 69